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The 4 Degrees and Beyond International Climate Conference, subtitled ''Implications of a Global Climate Change of 4+ Degrees for People, Ecosystems and the Earth-system'', was held 28–30 September 2009 at Oxford, United Kingdom.〔name="4DC">''( 4 Degrees and Beyond International Climate Conference, )'' ''Implications of a Global Climate Change of 4+ Degrees for People, Ecosystems and the Earth-system'', University of Oxford, 28-29 Sept. 2009.〕 The three-day conference had about 140 science, government, NGO and private sector delegates, and included 35 oral presentations and 18 poster presentations. The conference website includes a page for downloading abstracts, presentations, audio recordings, and the programme.〔Official conference website ''(Programme, abstracts, presentations, and audio recordings. )'' 〕 Links to a number of news stories are also provided.〔Linked list of ''(news stories. )''〕 The conference was sponsored by the University of Oxford, the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, and the Met Office Hadley Center. Video podcasts of all oral presentations are posted on a University of Oxford website;〔Presentation ''(videos )''〕 however, to find videos by presenter names the above cited program must first be consulted to find the presentation title. In January 2011, eleven papers and three introductory articles resulting from the conference were published as a special issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, ''Four degrees and beyond: the potential for a global temperature increase of four degrees and its implications''.〔New, M.; et al. (2011)''(Four degrees and beyond: the potential for a global temperature increase of four degrees and its implications )'' 369:1934.〕〔U.S. News & World Report. 2010, 3 Dec., by Janet Raloff. (World Could Heat Up 4 Degrees C in 50 Years: Immediate action needed to hold warming to half that, scientists calculate )〕 Many of the papers are free downloads. The contents of the special issue are listed later in this article. In July 2011, a follow-up conference, Four Degrees Or More? Australia in a Hot World, was held at the University of Melbourne, Australia. == Rationale for the Conference == :"Despite 17 years of negotiations since the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, global greenhouse gas emissions have continued to rise. Since 2000 the rates of annual emissions growth have increased at rates at the upper end of the IPCC scenarios, presenting the global community with a stark challenge: either instigate an immediate and radical reversal in existing emission trends or accept global temperature rises well beyond 4°." :"The immediacy and scale of the reductions necessary to avoid anything below 4°C, and indeed the human and ecosystem implications of living with 4°C, are beyond anything we have been prepared to countenance. Understanding the implications of 4°C and higher temperatures is essential if global society is to make informed choices about the balance between "extreme" rates of mitigation and "extreme" impacts and adaptation costs." :"The aim of this conference is therefore to: (i) assess the consequences of a change in global temperature above 4°C for a range of systems and sectors, and (ii) explore the options that are open for avoiding climate changes of this magnitude. The results of the conference will form an important background to the COP 15 United Nations Climate Change Conference, in Copenhagen, December 2009, and the inevitable negotiations that will follow COP 15."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「4 Degrees and Beyond International Climate Conference」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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